Mengarungi Lautan Berombak : Indonesia dan Isu Pencurian Ikan di Asia Tenggara
Abstract
Implementasi agenda Poros Maritim Dunia oleh Presiden Joko Widodo menuntut adanya kemampuan Indonesia untuk mengamankan kedaulatan nasional dan keamanan maritim. Namun implementasi tersebut nampaknya menghadapi tantangan terkait pelanggaran kedaulatan di wilayah perairan Indonesia serta berbagai ancaman yang meliputinya. Seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Senia Febrica (2017) bahwa berdasarkan berbagai dokumen resmi serta pendapat ahli yang tersedia; terdapat empat ancaman pada dimensi maritim Indonesia yakni Illegal fishing, illegal migrants, maritime border issues, dan smuggling. Dari empat ancaman tersebut maraknya aktivitas Illegal Fishing (Gambar 1.1) menjadi yang paling mendapat sorotan dikarenakan ancaman kemerosotan cadangan ikan di wilayah perairan Indonesia (Chapsos & Malcolm, 2017; Connelly, 2015; Febrica, 2017; Gindarsah & Priamarizki, 2015; Hongzhou, 2015; Nainggolan, 2015; Negara & Das, 2017). Salah satu lokasi yang menjadi preferensi aktifitas pencurian ikan antara lain di perairan Anambas dan Natuna yang dilakukan oleh kapal – kapal dengan bendera kebangsaan asing (Tabel 1.1). Keterlibatan kapal – kapal asing terutama Cina dan Vietnam memunculkan polemik dalam melakukan tindakan tegas terhadap para pelaku pencurian ikan di wilayah perairan Indonesia, terutama dalam konteks hubungan internasional Indonesia dengan negara – negara yang terlibat dalam kasus tersebut.
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