PERAN WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN DALAM MENANGANI PANDEMI COVID-19 BAGI AMERIKA SERIKAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55314/tsg.v6i3.983Keywords:
WHO, Amerika Serikat, COVID-19, Politik Golbal, Organisasi InternasionalAbstract
Penelitian ini akan menganalisisn peran World Health Organization (WHO) sebagai instrumen selama Covid-19 bagi Amerika Serikat. Studi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, yang memungkinkan penelusuran secara mendalam terhadap dinamika hubungan antara negara dan organisasi internasional di tengah krisis global. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa WHO tidak sepenuhnya netral sebagai aktor global, melainkan rentan terhadap instrumentalisasi oleh negara-negara donor utama seperti Amerika Serikat. Amerika Serikat menjadi subjek penelitian karena Amerika Serikat adalah negara dengan kematian Covid-19 tertinggi di dunia, namun terdapat fenomena menarik, bahwa Amerika Serikat menarik diri dari WHO saat Covid-19 terjadi. Penarikan Amerika Serikat oleh Trump di WHO menjadikan organisasi tersebut Instrumen politik, karena Amerika Serikat memanfaatkan posisi strategis WHO untuk menekan Tiongkok terkait transparansi asal-usul virus, serta untuk memperkuat pengaruhnya dalam tata kelola kesehatan global. Melalui ancaman penghentian dana dan usulan reformasi terhadap mekanisme International Health Regulations (IHR) dan Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), Amerika Serikat berupaya membentuk ulang tata kelola kesehatan global sesuai dengan kepentingan strategisnya. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa relasi antara WHO dan Amerika Serikat selama pandemi mencerminkan interaksi kompleks antara idealisme multilateral dan kepentingan politik negara-negara besar dalam arena kesehatan global.
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